Monday, 3 August 2015

Antibiotics: The scientific breakthrough of the twentieth century


                The 100 years of the twentieth century is undoubtedly one of the most remarkable and momentous points in time. A wide variety and range of technological advancements, scientific explorations as well as inventions came to be. An important contribution of this glorious century is antibiotics. When it was introduced, it was deemed by the people as “the miracle of modern medicine”. This experimental breakthrough continues to enhance the essence of human life up to today.

                Pathogens are microorganisms that can cause numerous diseases. Examples include bacteria and viruses. These could be found everywhere. Bacteria release toxins; viruses damage cells, making these harmful to a person’s body. Antibiotics, which are sub-categorized into groups of antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antiparasitic are medications taken. It exhausts or decelerates the growth and development of bacteria. As mentioned by the United States National Library of Medicine, these kinds of medical care could save lives.  An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by one organism that is detrimental to another. It has been said that antibiotics are one of the most effective and powerful cures against fatal diseases hence; it has a substantial value in the present society.

                In the year 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming, a Scottish scientist who had a reputation of being quite untidy and careless, was experimenting with the influenza virus in his laboratory located at St. Mary’s Hospital in London. Accordingly, he had left for vacation and after two weeks had returned to find that a mold had matured on an accidentally contaminated staphylococcus culture plate. This “accident” had led to the discovery of penicillin and influenced the further evolution of antibiotics for medicinal use.

                During the World War II, Penicillin aided the people, lessening the number of deaths and amputations of the troops. Up to date, it is the most used antibiotic. It has several types which are used in the healing or prevention of many different bacterial infections which are usually caused by Gram-positive organisms.  Ampicillin, amoxicillin, and phenoxymethyl penicillin are constituents. In the midst of 1944 and 1972, Antibiotics could be given credit to, for the increase of human life expectancy. It was raised, given an additional eight years.

                Pneumonia, an infection of the lungs caused by pathogens, which is generally distinguished by the inflammation of the alveoli in the lungs, caused a great distress during the period of 1930-1940. Once discerned as the “Captain of the Men of Death” by a Canadian physician named William Osler, pneumonia was pre-eminently the cause of death and required state supervision. However, this was before the establishment of antibiotics. Together with control programs and the availability of drugs, antibiotics were able to lessen the cases of the disease.  

                Antibiotics are very beneficial in the aspect of health. It does not only save lives but it offers an extensive barrier over disease. It outweighs all of the technological innovations of the twentieth century such as the radio, the television, the internet and many others. A life without antibiotics would be crucial due to the value of a person’s life.



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